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Compiled by Liz Dittrich, Ph.D.
All the information in the following sections was compiled for Liz Dittrich's dissertation on Sociocultural Factors that Influence Body Image Satisfaction Among Women. All the facts cited on the About-Face website have been drawn from this work.
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Akan, G. E., & Grilo, C. M. (1995). Sociocultural influences on eating attitudes and behaviors, body image, and psychological functioning: A comparison of African- American, Asian-American, and Caucasian college women. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18 (2), 181-187. American Association of University Women (1990). Shortchanging girls, shortchanging America: Full data report. Washington, DC: American Association of University Women. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Anderson, A. E., & DiDomenico, L. (1992). Diet vs. shape content of popular male and female magazines: A dose-response relationship to the incidence of eating disorders? International Journal of Eating Disorders, 11 (3), 283-287. Andersen, A. & Holman, J.E. (1997). Males with eating disorders: Challenges for treatment and research. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 33 (3), 391-397. Attie, I., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1989). Development of eating problems in adolescent girls: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 25, 70-79.
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Bartky, S. L. (1988). Foucault, femininity, and the modernization of patriarchal power. In I. Diamond, & L. Quinby (Eds.), Feminism and Foucault: Reflections on resistance (pp. 61-886). Boston: Northeastern University Press. Basow, S. A., & Braman, A. C. (1998). Women and body hair: Social perceptions and attitudes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22, pp.637-645 Becker, A. E., & Hamburg, P. (1996). Culture, the media, and eating disorders. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 4, 163-167. Beren, S. E., & Chrisler, J. C. (1990). Gender role, need for approval, childishness, and self-esteem: Markers of disordered eating? Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry and Behavior, 15, 183-198. Berg, F. M. (1997). Three major U.S. studies describe trends. Healthy Weight Journal, 11 (4), 67-74. Bergeron, S. M., & Senn, C. Y. (1998). Body image and sociocultural norms: A comparison of heterosexual and lesbian women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22, pp.385-401. Berry, J. W., Trimble, J. E., & Olmedo, E. L. (1986). Assessment of acculturation. In W. J. Lenner & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Field methods of cross-cultural research (pp. 291-349). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Bordo, S. (1993). Unbearable weight. New York: Berkley Publishing Group. Bordo, S. (1993). Unbearable weight. New York: Berkley Publishing Group. Brody, L. (1995, November). Are we losing our girls? Shape, pp. 94-98. Brown, L. & Rothblum, E. (Eds.) (1989). Overcoming Fear of Fat. Harrington Park Press. Button, E. J., & Whitehouse, A. (1981). Subclinical anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 11, 509-516.
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Cash, T. F. & Pruzinsky, T. (Eds.) (1990). Body Images: Development, Deviance and Change. New York: Guilford Press. Cash, T. F., Winstead, B. W., & Janda, L. H. (1986). The great American shape-up: Body image survey report. Psychology Today, 20 (4), 30-37. Cogan, J. C., Bhalla, S. K., Sefa-Dedeh, A., & Rothblum, E. D. (1996). A comparison study of United States and African students on perceptions of obesity and thinness. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27 (1), 98-113. Collins, J. K., Beumont, P. J., Touyz, S. W., Krass, J., Thompson, P., & Philips, T. (1987). Variability in body shape perception in anorexic, bulimic, obese and control subjects. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6, 633-638. Cook, K. (1996). Real gorgeous. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Cooper, P. J., Taylor, M. J., Cooper, Z., & Fairburn, C. G. (1987). The development and validation of the body shape questionnaire. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6, 485-494. Counts, C. R., & Adams, H. (1985). Body image in bulimic, dieting, and normal females. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 7 (3), 289-301. Crago, M., Shisslak, C. M., & Estes, L. S. (1996). Eating disturbances among American minority groups: A review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 19 (3), 239-248.
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Dittrich, E. A. (1997). Sociocultural factors that influence body image satisfaction in women. (Doctoral Dissertation, California Institute of Integral Studies, 1997.) Dissertation Abstracts International. Dolan, B., Birtchnell, S., & Lacey, J. H. (1987). Body image distortion in non-eating disordered women and men. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 31 (4), 513-520. Dolan, B. (1991). Cross-cultural aspects of anorexia nervosa and bulimia: A review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 10 (1), 67-81.
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Fallon, P., Katzman, M. A., & Wooley, S. C. (Eds.). Feminist Perspectives on Eating Disorders. New York: The Guilford Press. Fairburn, C. G., & Garner, D. M. (1986). The diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 10, 67-79. Fairburn, C. G., & Garner, D. M. (1988). Diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: The importance of attitudes to weight and shape. In D. M. Garner & P. E. Garfinkel (Eds.), Diagnostic issues in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (pp. 36-55). New York: Brunner/Mazel. Fernandez, F., Probst, M., Meerman, R., & Vandereycken, W. (1994). Body size estimation and body dissatisfaction on eating disorder patients and normal controls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 16 (3), 307-310. Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140. Fisher, M., Golden, N. H., Katzman, D. K. (1995). Eating disorders in adolescents: A background paper. Journal of Adolescent Health, 16, 420-437. Franko, D. L. & Herrera, I. (1997). Body image differences in Guatemalan-American and White college women. Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 5 (2), 119-127. Fraser, L. (1997). Losing it: America's obsession with weight and the industry that feeds on it. New York: Penguin Books. Fredrickson, B.L. and Roberts, T-A (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experience and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21 (n2), pp.173-206. Fredrickson, Roberts, et. al. (1998). That swimsuit becomes you: Sex differences in self-objectification, eating and math performance. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 75 (n1), pp. 269-284. Furnham, A., & Greaves, N. (1994). Gender and locus of control correlates of body image dissatisfaction. European Journal of Personality, 8, 183-200.
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Garner, D. M. (1997, January/February). The 1997 body image survey results. Psychology Today, pp. 31- 44, 75-84. Garner, D. M., Olmstead, M. P., & Polivy, J. (1983). Development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia nervosa and bulimia. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2 (2), 15-34. Garner, D. M., Olmstead, M. P., Polivy, J., & Garfinkel P. E. (1984). Comparison between weight- preoccupied women and anorexia-nervosa. Psychosomatic Medicine, 46, (3), 255-266. Geller, J., Johnston, C., Madsen, K., Goldner, E. M., Remick, R. A., & Birmingham, C. L. (1998). Shape- and weight-based self ‚esteem and the eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 24 (3), 285-298. Goldman, E. L. (1996). Eating disorders on the rise in preteens, adolescents. Psychiatry News, 24(2), 10. Gortmaker, S. L., Must, A., Perrin, J. M., Sobol, A., & Dietz, W. H. (1993). Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood. New England Journal of Medicine, 329, 1008-1012. Gray, J. J., Ford, K., & Kelly, L. M. (1987). The prevalence of bulimia in a Black college population. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6 (6), 733-740. Gregory, Deborah (1994, August). Heavy Judgment. Essence, pp.57-58, 105, 110-112 . Grogan, S., Williams, Z., & Conner, M. (1996). The effects of viewing same-gender photographic models on body-esteem. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20 (4), 569-575.
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Hamilton, K., & Waller, G. (1993). Media influences on body size estimation in anorexia and bulimia: An experimental study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 837-840. Harris, S. M. (1994). Racial differences in predictors of college women's body image attitudes. Women & Health, 21 (4), 89-103. Harrison, A. G., & Stonner, D. M. (1976). Reference groups for female attractiveness among Black and White college females. In W. E. Cross (Ed.), Third Conference on empirical research in Black psychology (pp. 84-88). Washington, DC: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Heatherton, T. F., Nichols, P., Mahademi, Fary, & Keel, Pamela (1995). Body weight, dieting, and eating disorder symptoms among college students, 1981 to 1992. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152 (11), 1623-1629. Heatherton, T. F., & Polivy, J. (1992). Chronic dieting and eating disorders: A spiral model. In J. H. Crowther, D. L. Tennenbaum, S. E. Hobfold, & M. A. Parris (Eds.), The etiology of bulimia nervosa: The individual and familial context. Washington, DC: Hemisphere. Heinberg. L. J., & Thompson, J. K. (1992). Social comparison: Gender, target importance ratings, and relation to body image disturbance. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 7 (2), 335-344. Heinberg, L. J., Thompson, J. K., & Stormer, S. (1995). Development and validation of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 17 (1), 81-89. Herzog, D. B. (1984). Are anorexic and bulimic patients depressed? American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 1594-1597. Hesse-Biber, S. (1996). Am I thin enough yet? (pp. 44-57). New York: Oxford University Press. Hill, A. J., & Pallin, V. (1998). Dieting awareness and low self-worth: Related issues in 8-year-old girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 24 (4), 405-413. Hirschmann, J. R. & Munter, C. H. (1997). When Women Stop Hating Their Bodies. Fawcett Books.
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Irving, L. M., Riddle, M., Berel, S., Cannon, R., Bower, Z., & Parks, C. (1997). Sociocultural contributors to disordered eating in adult women. Poster presented at the 1997 annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
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Jeffery, R. W., & French, S. A. (1996). Socioeconomic status and weight control practices among 20-to 45- year-old women. American Journal of Public Health, 86 (7), 1005-1010. Johnston, J. (1994). Appearance Obsession. Health Communications. Johnson, J., Tobiu, D., & Lipkin, J. (1989). Epidemiologic changes in bulimic behavior among female adolescents over a five-year period. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6 647-655. Joiner, G. W., & Kashubeck, S. (1996). Acculturation, body image, self-esteem, and eating-disorder symptomatology in adolescent Mexican American women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20 (3), 419-435.
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Kaz-Cooke (1996). Real Gorgeous. W. W. Norton & Company. Keys, A., Brozek, J., Henschel, A., Mickelsen, O., & Taylor, H. L. (1950). The biology of human starvation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Kilbourne, Jean (1994). Still killing us softly: Advertising and the obsession with thinness. In Fallon, P., Katzman, M. A., & Wooley, S. C. (Eds.) , Feminist Perspectives on Eating Disorders (pp. 395- 418). New York: The Guilford Press. Klesges, R. C., & Klesges, L. M. (1988). Cigarette smoking as a dieting strategy in a university population. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 7 (3), 413-419. Koenig, L., & Wasserman, E. L. (1995). Body image and dieting failure in college men and women: Examining links between depression and eating problems. Sex Roles, 32 (3/4), 225-249. Kog, E., & Vandereycken, W. (1989). Family interaction in eating disorder patients and normal controls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 8(1), 11-23. Kohn, M., & Schooler, C. (1983). Work and personality: An inquiry into the impact of social stratification. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Kuczmarski, R. J., Flegal, K .M., Campbell, S. M., & Johnson, C. L. (1994). Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults. Journal of the American Medical Association, 272 (3), 205-211.
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McCarthy, M. (1990). The thin ideal, depression and eating disorders in women. Behavioural Research Therapy, 28 (3), 205-215. McKinley, N. M., & Hyde, J. S. (1996). The objectified body consciousness scale. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20 (2),181-215. Mellin, L. M., Scully, S., & Irwin, C. E. (1986). Disordered eating characteristics in preadolescent girls. Meeting of the American Dietetic Association, Las Vegas, (Abstract). Mendoza, R., & Martinez, J. L. (1981). The measurement of acculturation. In A. Baren, Jr. (Ed.), Explorations in Chicano Psychology (pp.21-82). New York: Holt. Minuchin, S., Rosman, B., & Baker, L. (1978). Psychosomatic families: Anorexia nervosa in context. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Moreno, A., & Thelen, M. H. (1993). Parental factors related to bulimia nervosa. Addictive Behaviors, 18, 681-689. Murray, S. H., Touyz, S. W., & Beumont, Peter, J. V. (1995). The influence of personal relationships on women's eating behavior and body satisfaction. Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 3 (3), 243-252. Murray, S. H., Touyz, S. W., & Beumont, Peter, J. V. (1996). Awareness and perceived influence of body ideals in the media: A comparison of eating disordered patients and the general community. Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 4 (1), 33-46. Myers, P. N., Jr., & Biocca, F. A. (1992). The elastic body image: The effect of television advertising and programming on body image distortions in young women. Journal of Communications, 42 (3), 108-133.
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Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance-US, 1995. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, CDC, US Public Health Service. Sept. 27, 1996:45:SS-4:1-84. |
